Sri Pada Mountain (Adams Peak)
Arial view of the mountain peak where
the footprint is located
© Dominic Sansoni
image source : http://sripada.org/ |
The mountain of Sri Pada is one of the rare places that people of four major religions in the world worship. The mountain is situated in the Rathnapura district with a height of 7,360 feet (2,243 meters).
Although this is only the second highest mountains, It rises alone majestically with a conical shape and offers an unobstructed view over land and sea. It is said that the mountain was the landmark of the ancient sea-faring Arabs, who came to Sri Lanka,
to trade in gems, spices, ivory etc., and they, having sighted the conical mountain miles
off shore, prayed to God for having brought them safely to the island.
image source : http://sripada.org/ |
According to the Sri Lanka's great chronicle, Mahawamsa, Buddha visited Sri Lanka three times. The last time he traveled from Kelaniya to Sri Pada, and then to Digavaphi. It is said that Buddha left his foot print on the rock at top of the mountain at the invitation of the Deity Saman (Saman Deviyo).
Deity Saman is recorded as having met the Buddha on his first visit to the island when he visited Mahiyangana to drive away the Tribe of Yakkas. Saman became a stream-entrant (sotapanna) after listening to the Buddha. Deity Saman then requested a object of worship , and Buddha gave him a handful of hairs with which he enshrined on a dagaba at Mahiyangana.
Saman Deviyo as depicted at Kelaniya Vihara
source : http://sripada.org/
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The Theravada Buddhists of Sri Lanka later made Deity Saman the guardian of their land and their religion. With the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, Saman developed into Samantabhadra, one of the four principle bodhisattvas of Mahayana. Like his later manifestation, Samanta is usually depicted crowned and bejewelled, holding a lotus in his right hand and accompanied by a white elephant. At Weligama, an ancient port on Sri Lanka's south coast, there is a 12 ft high statue which some believe is the figure of Samantabhadra carved out of a huge moss-covered bolder. This statue is now called Kushtarajagala. It is thought that the Pilgrims from India and northern Sri Lanka disembarking at Weligama were greeted by this bodhisattva figure as they set out on the long trek to Sri Pada.
Top of the mountain where the footprint is located
image source : http://sripada.org/ |
The summit of the mountain is a small plateau, and according to measurements made by Lieut. Malcolm (the first European to ascend the mountain in 1816)," it is 74 ft. in length and 24 ft. in breadth" the total area being 1,776 sq. ft. On the top of the Peak broad steps lead up to a walled enclosure containing the rock over which is a tower-like structure.
Accoding
to the Englishman John Davy, who visted the summit in 1817,
... It is a superficial
hollow, five feet three inches and three-quarters
long, and between two' feet seven inches and two feet five inches
wide. It is ornamented with a margin of brass, studded with a few gems,
of little value: it is covered with a roof, which is fastened to the rock
by four iron chains, and supported by four pillars; and it is surrounded
by a low wall. The roof was lined with coloured cloths, and its margin
being decked with flowers, and streamers, it made a very gay appearance.
The cavity .certainly bears a coarse resemblance to the figure of the human
foot: were it really ah impression, it is not a very flattering one, or
the encomiums which are lavished on the beauty of the feet of Boodhoo
are very improperly bestowed. ....
A similar
print in Thailand is believed to have the imprint of the Buddha's right
foot, is about five feet long and two feet broad. The real footprint on Adam's
Peak is believed to be set in jewels beneath the visible rock.
Symbolic Representation of the foot print of Buddha
image source : http://sripada.org/ |
The soles of the Buddha's feet are said to be flat with all the toes of equal length. On each sole there are one hundred and eight auspicious marks (mangala lakkhana), with the wheel (chakra) the principal mark at the centre while around it are grouped figures of animals, inhabitants of various worlds and other kinds of symbols.
Buddhists knew that this mysterious footprint had been made by the Buddha long before (as far as the 1st century BC) any other religion was introduced to the country. But in succeeding centuries other faiths, Islam, Hinduism and Christianity were to lay claim to it. Muslims believe the footprint to be that of Adam (hence the name Adam's Peak); Christians, that of St. Thomas, the disciple Jesus; and Hindus, that of the god Siva. The Tamil name of the rock Civan-oli-pata (the mountain path of Siva's light) or Svargarohanam (assent to heaven).
The first historical mention about Sri Pada comes during the reign of Vijayabahu (1055-1110). Earliest historical evidence in chronicles and inscriptions It is recorded that the king having seen the difficulties undergone by the pilgrims on their way to worship the Sri Pathula (Buddha's Foot Print) on Samanthakuta dedicated the village named 'Gilimale' to provide for their needs. Stone inscriptions of Vijayabahu have been found at Gilimale and Ambagamuwa confirming the statement of the chronicle. But it was King Nissanka Malla ( 1187-1196) who reigned from Poona who started the pilgrimage after he ascended the mountain with his fourfold army with great faith and devotion.
view of Sri Pada mountain from Hatton |
view of Sri Pada mountain from Hatton |
At the beginning of the 16th century the Portuguese conquered Sri Lanka's maritime provinces and forbade Buddhists living under their jurisdiction and those coming from overseas from going to Sri Pada. By way of contrast, the king of Kandy in whose realm the mountain was situated, allowed Christians to enter his territory to make the pilgrimage. When the Dutch took over the maritime provinces in 1656 they proved to be less bigoted than the Portuguese but fear that pilgrims might act as spies for the king of Kandy led them, if not to ban, then at least to discourage visits by levying a heavy tax on pilgrims .For nearly two centuries Sinhalese Buddhists living in the low country could see the sacred mountain, worship it from afar but not go there.
In 1581 the crown prince of Kandy murdered his father, King Mayadunne of Sitawaka and proclaimed himself King Rajasinghe I. When he asked the Buddhist monks how he could wash away the wrong deed done by him the monks replied that he cannot getaway from this and he should take responsibility for his action. But the Hindu priests on the other hand were willing to perform a puja to help the king ease his guilty conscience and so he converted to Hinduism. As a result the Buddhist priests were driven off Sri Pada and it was handed to the 'Andis' (a non-braminical Siva sect) from South India and they administered it for the next 160 years. Later King Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747-1781), restored Buddhist ownership, and appointed Ven. Welivitiye Saranankara Sangharaja Maha Thera, to look after Buddhist interests of the holy mountain.He also donated the village, Kuttapitiya and the copper plate charter in support of this donation is still in existence.
Sri Pada Season
Bell at the peak. Each person
is
supposed to ring the bell
equivalent
to the number of times
he has visited
the peak
image source : http://sripada.org/ |
The Sri Pada season starts from full moon of December and end on full moon of April. Generally it takes about five to six hours to climb to the top. During this season many shops pop up on the way to the mountain top offering all sorts of food and refreshments. There are first aid centers manned by volunteers on the way. Most people make the climb by night to reach the mountain top to watch the "Ira Sevaya", the sun rise over the sea. But this time can be quite crowded specially during the weekend and towards the end of the season. Its not rare were you have spend 5-10 minutes standing on a single step until crowd moves on. The top of the mountain is quite windy and chilly.
Route
Crowds at the entrance to the peak
source : http://sripada.org/ |
There are two historic approaches to the summit of Sri Pada. The oldest is the Ratnapura path, popularly known as the 'difficult path'. This is a beaten track infested with leaches and very few use this path. This a The 'Seetagangula' (the icy water river) which is the parent of Kaluganga is found halfway upon the climb. This route is definitely the path to take for a experienced trekker who wants to avoid crowds.
The other path is the Hatton path ( called the 'Raja Mawatha' in ancient times because many kings have used this path to reach the mountain top). This is the most common path used by the average pilgrim. There are resting places with small boutiques every few hundred steps during the season. There are several ways to get to Hatton. You can take a bus or the train from the Colombo. From Hatton Once at Hatton take one of the numerous private buses to the foot of the mountain, a distance of about 33 kilometres.
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Created October 15, 2007
Updated
April 12, 2009
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